Polyomaviruses BK and JC DNA infection in peripheral blood cells from blood donors

ABSTRACT Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of human polyomavirus (BK and JC viruses) infection in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy blood donors. Methods: The study included 250 healthy blood donors. Five-milliliter blood was drawn into sterile EDTA tubes and PBMCs were isolated from whole blood. The isolated PBMCs were counted and stored at −70 °C for future investigation. DNA was extracted and subjected to simple, sensitive and specific semi-nested PCR as well as QPCR using both general and specific primers for different assays. Results: Of 250 blood samples, 66 (26.4%) were positive for BKV DNA (146-34,514 copies/106 cells). JC DNA was found in 45 (18%) blood samples (65-21,250 copies/106 cells). Co-infection with these viruses were found in 11 (4.4%) out of 250 blood samples. Discussion: Our study provides important data on polyomavirus infection in peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes in immunocompetent individuals. These data indicate significant differences between the prevalence of BKV and JCV infection in healthy blood donors. The prevalence of BK and JC virus infection is higher in the age range 30-39 years compared to other age ranges.

Prevalence of human papillomavirus and Epstein-Barr virus DNA in penile cancer cases from Brazil

Penile cancer is a potentially mutilating disease. Although its occurrence is relatively rare worldwide, penile cancer rates can be high in developing countries. A few studies have been conducted on the involvement of human papillomavirus (HPV) in penile carcinoma, which have found HPV present in 30-70 percent of penile malignant lesions, with a higher prevalence of HPV 16 and 18. It has been assumed that cofactors, such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infections, may play a role in the progression of penile neoplasia. The aim of this study was to determine HPV and EBV prevalence in 135 penile malignant lesions from Brazilian men through the use of MY09/11 polymerase chain reaction (PCR), type-specific PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. HPV prevalence among the men tested was 60.7 percent. Of the men who tested positive, 27 presented with HPV 16 (29.7 percent), five with HPV 18 (5.5 percent), 21 with HPV 45 (23.1 percent) and nine with HPV 6 (9.9 percent). Seven mixed infections were detected (9.2 percent), while 11 cases remained untyped (13.4 percent). Regarding EBV positivity, 46.7 percent of the samples contained EBV DNA with EBV-1 as the most prevalent type (74.6 percent). More than 23 percent of the men were co-infected with both HPV and EBV, while 35 percent presented exclusively with HPV DNA and 20 percent presented only with EBV DNA. Penile carcinoma aetiology has not been fully elucidated and the role of HPV and EBV infections individually or synergistically is still controversial. Hence, more studies are needed to determine their possible role in carcinogenesis.

Prevalencia del VPH en el proceso de malignización de lesiones de vías aérodigestivas superiores / HPV prevalence on malignant lesion process of the upper aerodigestive tract

Los papilovirus o virus del papiloma son considerados el grupo más prevalente de virus causantes de tumores de cabeza y cuello asociados a la infección con virus del papiloma humano (VPH). Según revisiones sistemáticas en México y Colombia, la prevalencia de VPH en el proceso de malignización de lesiones de vías aerodigestivas superiores (VADS) se presenta con una incidencia en orofarìnge de 35,6 por ciento, en cavidad oral 23,5 por ciento y en laringe 24,0 por ciento. En ésta revisión también destacan los genotipos de VPH de bajo riesgo (VPH 31, 45, 6 y 11), los cuales inducen la aparición de algunas lesiones precancerosas. La falta de un diagnostico oportuno del VPH y de las lesiones que deriven de este virus, puede complicar el tratamiento del mismo. En cuanto a los métodos de su diagnóstico, se demuestra la efectividad del método PCR-RFLP como el punto de partida del monitoreo de la infección y su progresión a cáncer. Estos métodos pueden permitir comprender la virulencia del mismo y contribuir a la disminución de las tasas de incidencia a causa de las imprecisiones de diagnostico clínico por metodologías convencionales ya que dificultan la detección precoz del cáncer de las vías aerodigestivas superiores.

Papilovirus or papillomaviruses are considered the most prevalent group of viruses that cause tumors of head and neck associated with infection with human papilloma virus (HPV). According to systematic reviews in Mexico and Colombia, the prevalence of HPV in the process of malignant lesions of the upper aerodigestive tract, can be shown with a clinical prevalence of 35,6 percent in oropharynx, 23.5 percent in oral cavity and 24.0 percent in larynx. This review highlights the genotypes of low-risk HPV (HPV 31, 45, 6 and 11), which induce the appearance of precancerous lesions. It demonstrates the effectiveness of PCR-RFLP method as a starting point for the monitoring of infection and progression to cancer this method can facilitate understanding of its virulence activity and contribute to reduced incidence rates because of the inaccuracies of clinical diagnosis by conventional methods that hinder the early detection of cancer of upper aerodigestive tract.

Papilomavírus humano e neoplasia cervical: [revisão] / Human papillomavirus and cervical neoplasia: [revision]

Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been established as an important etiological factor for the development of cervical cancer. This DNA virus primarily infects the epithelium and can induce benign and malignant lesions of the mucous membranes and skin. Some HPVs are considered high risk due to their role in malignant progression of cervical tumors. Genital HPV infections are common and usually transient among young sexually active women. Only a small fraction of infected women develop cervical cancer, implying the involvement of environmental and genetic cofactors in cervical carcinogenesis. Classification, virology, pathology, natural history, epidemiological features of genital HPV infection, and future prospects for cervical cancer prevention with HPV vaccines will be reviewed here.

O papilomavírus humano (HPV) é um fator etiológico bem estabelecido para o câncer cervical. Esse vírus de DNA infecta primariamente o epitélio e pode induzir lesões benignas ou malignas na pele e na mucosa. Alguns HPVs são considerados de alto risco, responsáveis pela progressão das lesões precursoras até câncer cervical. A infecção genital pelo HPV é comum em mulheres jovens e geralmente é transitória. Uma pequena proporção de mulheres infectadas desenvolve câncer cervical, implicando o envolvimento de fatores ambientais e fatores genéticos na carcinogênese. Essa revisão aborda a estrutura viral, classificação e patologia do HPV, história natural e fatores de risco para neoplasia cervical e perspectivas futuras com a vacina anti-HPV.

Epstein-barr virus expression in Hodgkin's disease in Jordan

Epstein-Barr virus [EBV] has been associated with many hematopoietic malignancies including Hodgkin's disease [HD]. The association of HD correlates with the histologic subtype, age of presentation and geographic location. Our aims were to find out if EBV is associated with Jordanian HD; and if EBV association exists, to determine its relationship to certain age groups or specific histologic subtypes of HD; and finally to establish whether such association follows patterns seen in developing or developed countries. We have examined 64 cases of HD diagnosed in 2 major medical centers in Jordan for evidence of EBV association. We used immunohistochemistry and in-situ hybridization techniques to detect latent membrane protein [LMP-1] and Epstein-Barr virus encoded RNA [EBER] in the Reed-Sternberg cells. The study was conducted at the Department of Pathology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan in the years 2000 and 2001. Epstein Barr virus was seen in 47% of our cases: 22 [65%] of the 34 mixed cellularity and 8 [29%] of 28 nodular sclerosis HD. None of our 2 lymphocyte predominant HD cases showed evidence of EBV. Epstein-Barr virus was seen in 73% of HD cases in children below 15 years of age as opposed to 34% of the young adult group. Our results confirm the presence of EBV in Jordanian HD in approximately half of the cases, a figure close to those reported in the West. Epstein-Barr virus association with HD in Jordan is seen mostly in the mixed cellularity subtype and childhood HD

Human papillomavirus infection among Indian mothers and their infants.

OBJECTIVE: Several studies have demonstrated that infants can acquire human papillomavirus (HPV) infection at birth from their mothers. The aim of the present investigation was to determine prevalence of HPV infection among pregnant women and evaluate the extent of perinatal transmission of HPVs to infants. METHODS: The study included 135 pregnant women and their infants. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to detect HPV DNA in cervical cells of the women and buccal cells of the infants. RESULTS: HPVs detected were genotyped by PCR using type specific primers. HPV DNA was identified in 38 mothers (28.14%, 38/135) and 14 babies (10.37%, 14/135). The prevalence rate of HPV type 16 was highest both in HPV positive maternal (63.15%, 24/38) and baby samples (85.71%, 12/14). At birth, the frequency of HPV transmission from infected mothers to their infants was 18.42% (7/38). The proportion of infants with HPV infection delivered by cesarean section was 78.57% (11/14). CONCLUSION: Cesarean section was not found protective for infants against perinatal HPV transmission. Infection in the infants was cleared within one year. This is the first report of its kind from India.

Human papillomavirus prevalence, viral load and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in HIV-infected women

HIV-infected women from S o Paulo city were enrolled in a cross-sectional study on Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) prevalence and their association with laboratory markers of AIDS, namely HIV viral load and CD(4)(+) cell counts. A cervical specimen was collected and submitted to Hybrid Capture, a test for HPV viral load determination. HPV-DNA was detected in 173 of 265 women (64.5). Twenty (7.5) women were infected by one or more low-risk viruses, 89 (33) by one or more high-risk viruses, and 64 (24) harbored at least one HPV type from each risk group. Abnormal smears were observed in 19 of the patients, though there were no invasive carcinomas. Severely immunosuppressed patients (CD(4)/microL <100) were at the greatest risk of having a cytological abnormality and a high high-risk HPV viral load.

Survey of human papillomavirus infection in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in Thai women.

HPV infection is known to be associated with cervical cancer development. Precancerous lesions named cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) are divided into 3 grades, i.e., CIN-1, CIN-2, and CIN-3. Here, HPV infection determined by PCR and dot hybridization was observed in these 3 different grades of formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissues. The HPV infection was demonstrated in 33.3 per cent of CIN-1, 36.8 per cent of CIN-2 and 75 per cent of CIN-3. Using type specific probes for HPV-6, 11, 16, 18 and 33, HPV-16 was the most prevalent type (44.44%) followed by HPV-18 (16.05%) in CIN-3. Only one HPV-18 was identified in CIN-1 while CIN-2 contained one HPV-6 and one HPV-18. Mixed infection was found in CIN-3 (12.35%). All of them had HPV-16. The cervicitis cases with normal histopathology were included as control. Only 2.7 per cent of HPV infection was shown. The relative risk of HPV infection was high in CIN-3 (OR = 107.25, 95% CI = 50.29-228.73). Our data confirm the association between high-risk HPV types and development of CIN.

Six-year follow-up survey of sexually transmitted diseases in Brasilia, the Capital of Brazil

The notification of sexually transmitted diseases (STD) is a prime component of well-designed public health policy. However, peculiar aspects of STD must be taken into account for the correct management of surveillance activities. Here, we describe the distribution of the most common sexually transmitted diseases among patients attended by the gynecological clinics of the principal public hospitals of Brasilia and the Federal District, Brazilian capital, during six years. A total of 142,158 patients had their cervicovaginal samples collected for Papanicolaou preparations and eventual biopsies. Diagnosis was made according to cytological and histological alterations, distinguishing among vaginal infections, and pre-cancerous and cancerous cervical lesions. We also looked at the annual prevalence of the various types of infections and alterations. There was a high prevalence of bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis and candidiasis, with suggestive changes over the years. Pre-cancerous and cancerous lesions increased 2.2 fold during the six years. A large proportion of the cases involved late stages of cervical cancer, indicating the necessity of prompt attendance of the population in a routine gynecological prevention program.

Analysis of cervico-vaginal (Papanicolaou) smears, in girls 18 years and under

This study was conducted retrospectively at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital and a private laboratory in Barbados to determine the types of epithelial abnormalities in cervico-vaginal Papanicolaou (Pap)-stained smears, and their clinical implications in Barbadian girls, 18 years and under, during the five-year period January 1995 to December 1999. Two hundred and sixty-five Pap smears from 236 patients were examined and the gynaecological history, initial and repeat Pap smear diagnoses, and histology reports of these patients were analyzed. Of the 236 first-visit smears, 94 (39.8) were abnormal with 36 (15.3) displaying cytologic features of squamous intra-epithelial lesions (SIL), (33 low grade and 3 high grade). A diagnosis of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) was reported in the remaining 58 (24.5) abnormal smears, of which 35 (60.3) were suspected to be related to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Twenty-two (23.4) of these 94 patients, who had abnormal smears of either ASCUS or low grade squamous intra-epithelial lesions (LSIL) were re-evaluated within six to twelve months of the initial abnormal Pap smear diagnosis. Eight of these 22 patients (36.4) had histological diagnosis of LSIL inclusive of cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia grade 1 (CIN 1) and condylomata. High-risk HPV DNA types were detected in two of these eight patients (25). The study confirms that sexually active teenage girls are at risk of developing SIL and high-risk HPV infection. Screening of sexually active teenaged girls by Pap smears followed by other appropriate investigative procedures is recommended.

Identificaçäo do papilomavírus humano por biologia molecular em mulheres assintomáticas / Genital human papillomavirus infection identification by molecular biology among asymptomatic women

OBJETIVO: Verificar a associaçäo entre fatores epidemiológicos e infecçäo genital pelo papilomavírus humano (HPV). MÉTODOS: Realizou-se estudo transversal com 975 mulheres atendidas em um serviço público de rastreamento para o câncer cervical, em Porto Alegre, Brasil. As mulheres foram consideradas infectadas pelo HPV quando apresentaram o teste de DNA positivo para esse vírus, tanto pelo método de captura híbrida II (CH II) como pelo método de reaçäo em cadeia da polimerase (PCR). Mulheres infectadas pelo HPV foram comparadas com mulheres näo infectadas oriundas da mesma populaçäo. RESULTADOS: Foram estudadas 975 mulheres. A prevalência observada de HPV (pela combinaçäo dos métodos de DNA) foi de 27por cento. Quando a análise de cada método de DNA foi feito isoladamente, a prevalência de HPV-DNA foi de 15por cento para a CH II e de 16por cento para PCR. Regressäo logística múltipla incondicional foi utilizada na identificaçäo dos fatores associados à infecçäo pelo HPV. Foi encontrada associaçäo positiva com as seguintes variáveis: anos de escolaridade (11 anos: OR=2,05; IC95por cento=1,31; 3,20; referência: até oito anos de escolaridade); ser casada (OR=1,69; IC95por cento=0,78; 2,00; referência: ser solteira); parceiros sexuais ao longo da vida (dois parceiros: OR=1,67; IC95por cento=1,01; 2,77; quatro ou mais: OR=2,18; IC95por cento=1,15; 4,13; referência: um parceiro); idade da primeira relaçäo sexual (15-16 anos: OR=4,05; IC95 por cento=0,89; 18,29; referência: ü22 anos). CONCLUSOES: Vários fatores parecem estar associados à presença de infecçäo genital pelo HPV, especialmente aqueles referentes ao comportamento sexual (idade da primeira relaçäo sexual, número de parceiros sexuais ao longo da vida e estado marital) e aqueles relacionados à situaçäo socioeconômica (escolaridade)

Seroepidemiological and virological studies on virus-induced tumors in chickens in Egypt

Extensive epidemiological studies were conducted over four years to investigate the real cause and prevalence of virus-induced tumors among commercial meat-and egg-type chicken breeds, as well as native varieties of different age-groups and localities. Criteria used to establish an etiological diagnosis in problem flocks included, besides flock history, gross, histopathological and cytological examinations, virus isolation in chicken embryo fibroblast cultures [Line O] and identification by enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay [ELISA] and/or indirect immunofluorescence [IFA], antigen detection in thin tissue sections by IFA, and reticuloendotheliosis virus [REV] proviral DNA detection in blood or tumor tissue by polymerase chain reaction [PCR]. Moreover, chicken flocks were examined for viral antigen and/or antibody in plasma, egg albumin or serum by ELIA. The results achieved indicated that Marek's disease virus [MDV], lymphoid leukosis virus [LLV], and REV were the common causes of neoplasms as single or mixed infections with variable incidence among the flocks. The sources of infection in the investigated flocks is discussed in the light of the obtained results

Incidence of Gardnerella vaginalis, Candida sp and human papilloma virus in cytological smears

CONTEXT: In spite of the wide-ranging literature on the microbiology of normal and abnormal flora of the vagina, there are few studies on the relationship between human papilloma virus (HPV) and other vaginal microorganisms. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the frequency of infection by human papilloma virus (HPV) and other agents like Candida sp., Gardnerella vaginalis and Trichomonas vaginalis in cytological smears. DESIGN STUDY: Retrospective study SETTING: A public tertiary referral center. SAMPLE: An analysis of 17,391 cytologies from outpatients seen between January 1997 and August 1998. The control group was made up of patients in the same age group and same period with no cytological evidence of HPV infection. Patients with a diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) II or III were excluded from this analysis. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: The diagnosis of HPV infection was made in accordance with the criteria of Schneider et al. and the diagnosis of Gardnerella vaginalis was made with a finding of clue cells. RESULTS: 390 (2.24 per cent) had alterations consistent with infection by HPV, sometimes associated with CIN I. The results showed that Gardnerella vaginalis was the most frequent agent in women with HPV infection (23.6 per cent versus 17.4 per cent; P <0.05), while in the control group the most frequent agent was Candida sp. (23.9 per cent versus 13.8 per cent; p <0.001). CONCLUSION: In spite of this study being based solely on cytological criteria, in which specific HPV and Gardnerella diagnostic tests were not used, the cytological smear is widely used in clinical practice and the data presented in this investigation show that there is an association between Gardnerella vaginalis and HPV infection. It remains to be established whether the microorganisms favor each other

Clinicopathologic study of Castleman's disease in Korea

Castleman's disease represents an atypical lymphoproliferative disorder, infrequently associated with various immunologic abnormalities or subsequent development of malignancy such as Kaposi sarcoma, malignant lymphoma and plasmacytoma. Its clinicopathologic features depend on various etiologic factors such as Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV), oversecretion of IL-6, adhesion molecule and follicular dendritic cell dysplasia, etc. To investigate the relationship of Castleman's disease (CD) and the above factors, we reviewed 22 cases of CD. Four cases of KSHV positive CD were detected, all multicentric, plasma cell type, and these cases displayed prominent vascular proliferation, characteristic 'Kaposi-like lesion'. IL-6 and CD54 positive mononuclear cells were scattered in interfollicular areas of KSHV positive cases. Follicular dendritic cell hyperplasia, vascular proliferation, expression of IL-6 and CD54 did not show any significant difference between solitary vs multicentric type, and plasma cell type vs hyaline vascular type. Our study suggests that KSHV positive CD reveals unique pathologic features, and the probable relationship of KSHV and IL-6 and CD54 is discussed.

Molecular variability of human papillomaviruses and susceptibility to cervical neoplasia

Genetic variability in the genome of human papillomaviruses (HPV) has been described, particularly in the high-risk types 16 and 18. Based on extensive DNA sequencing analyses of HPV isolates from clinical specimens, a number of variants have been described whose nucleotide sequence does not vary more than 2 percent in coding and 5 percent in noncoding regions of the viral genome. Nucleotide sequence variation has being used as a tool for epidemiological studies of viral transmission and persistence. In the ongoing cohort study being performed in Brazil, we are abalyzing the risk of persistent infection and development of cervical lesions regarding geographical relatedness of variants. Infections with HPV types 16 and 18 were more likely to persist than those with other oncogenic types, with no significant differences between European and non-European variants regarding their tendency to persist. On the other hand, non-European HPV 16 and 18 variants were more strongly associated with risk of cervical neoplasia during follow-up than European variants, as compared with other oncogenic HPVs and low oncogenic risk HPVs. Epitope variability mays also have important implications in the immune response elicited against these viruses as well as in the design of vaccines directed against HPVs. Since these viruses are the etiologic agents of cervical cancer, those studies may provide useful information for the control of these common infections, leading ultimately to a reduction in the morbidity and mortality rates associated with this cancer.

Epstein-Barr virus in nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Indian patients.

Formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue blocks from 40 cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma were investigated for the presence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Heminested polymerase chain reaction was employed to amplify U 2 region of EBV DNA coding for EBNA 2 gene. This is the first study of its kind carried out in India. EBV was detected in 28 out of 40 (70%) nasopharyngeal carcinomas. Type A EBV was identified in 20 cases (71.4%), type B in 7 cases (25%) and coinfection in one case (3.5%). Either type A, or type B EBV, was identified in 22 out of 23 cases (95.7%) of undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma and 6 out of 15 cases (40%) of non keratinized squamous carcinoma. The higher incidence of EBV in non keratinized squamous carcinoma of nasopharynx assumes importance in view of the contrary reports in other studies. 26 cases were from Western India, of which 15 (57.6%) showed presence of type A EBV and 2 (7.6%) type B EBV. From Eastern Indian particularly Assam, 4 our of 5 cases showed positivity for type B EBV and 1 a coinfection. Whereas, from Bihar 3 out of 4 cases showed presence of type A EBV. From Middle East (Arabs) type A EBV was detected in 3 out of 5 cases of nasopharyngeal carcinomas. Geographically, type A EBV was far more prevalent in Western India, while in Eastern India particularly Assam, all five vases were positive for type B EBV. Thus, a significant variation in the type of EBV infection was observed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma in different ethnic populations in India.

Prevalence of type specific Epstein-Barr virus in the genital tract of genital herpes suspected patients.

A total of 62 clinical specimens from the genital tract of patients who were suspected of contracting genital herpes were investigated for HSV infection by the virus isolation method, and also investigated for the co-infection with EBV infection by detecting EBV DNA using nested PCR. HSV infection was diagnosed in 30 (48.4%) of the study cases, and so was EBV. EBV DNA was present in 17 (56.7%) of the 30 HSV positive samples. No correlation was found between the co-existence of these two viruses together. EBV DNA was detected in genital specimens of cervical, vaginal, urethral, and anal swabs. Ninety per cent of EBV belonged to type 1, and the remainder belonged to type 2 and mixed types. The role of EBV in genital tract infection needs to be further investigated.

Detección del virus papiloma humano en lesiones cancerosas orales en la ciudad de Córdoba / Human papillomavirus detection in oral cancer lesions in the city of Córdoba

El cáncer oral es un proceso que involucra diferentes factores etiológicos y mecanismos, a luz de los conceptos actuales de cocarcinogénesis. Existen evidencias histológicas y de hibridación que sugieren la participación del virus papiloma humano (HPV) en la carcinogénesis oral. La Cátedra de Anatomía Patológica de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba recibe aproximadamente el 20 por ciento de los pacientes con lesiones cancerosas orales en esta ciudad. En el período comprendido entre los años 1992-1997 fueron examinadas 1950 biopsias, 4,77 por ciento (93/1950) de ellas fueron diagnosticadas como neoplasias malignas, de éstas el 79,57 por ciento (74/93) fueron carcinomas. Treinta y tres carcinomas orales (44,6 por ciento; 33/74) fueron seleccionados al azar e incluí dos en el estudio. Se incluyeron 33 extendidos celulares de pacientes con mucosa oral normal. Los materiales fueron estudiados por microscopia óptica y por la técnica de hibridación "in situ" para la detección del DNA de HPV. Los datos fueron analizados mediante el test de chi cuadrado. La prevalencia de HPV entre las 33 muestras casos estudiada fue 27,27 por ciento, 9/33 fueron positivos para HPV en condiciones no estrictas. Un material fue positivo en condiciones estrictas para HPV 16, un carcinoma verrugoso. En las muestras de mucosa oral normal no se detectó HPV. Entre los HPV positivos, 3/9 (33,33 por ciento) fueron carcinomas espinocelulares y 5/9 (55,56 por ciento) carcinomas verrugosos. Uno fue un melanoma. El carcinoma verrugoso fue la neoplasia asociada con más frecuencia a la infección por HPV (x2=20,5; con un nivel de confianza del 95 por ciento); lo que podría sugerir un mayor papel del HPV en la patogénesis del carcinoma verrugoso. La presencia viral encontrada en lesiones cancerosas refuerza la naturaleza multicausal del cáncer oral. El HPV es una circunstancia que incrementa la probabilidad de malignidad, y que cuando se reduce, disminuye la frecuencia de cáncer.

Detection and typing of human papillomavirus DNA by PCR using consensus primers in various cervical lesions of Korean women

The association between cervical cancers and human papillomavirus (HPV) is now well established. To estimate the extent of infection with common HPVs among Korean women, we have examined 224 cervical scrapes of various cervical lesions. Detection and typing of HPVs were done by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using consensus primers followed by restriction enzyme digestion and PCR using type-specific primers. The prevalence of total HPV infection in patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer were significantly higher than those in healthy women and patients with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS). HPV typing in 41 invasive carcinomas of the cervix revealed the prevalence of HPV 16 in 15 cases, followed by HPV 58, 18, 33, 31, 52 and 35. The distribution pattern of HPV types in CIN were not much different from carcinomas. HPV types except HPV 18 had a tendency to show higher prevalence in high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) than low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL), however, HPV 18 was detected in LSIL but not in HSIL. HPV 18 tended to have the worse clinical stage, although it was not statistically significant. These findings suggest the importance of HPV typing other than HPV 16 and 18 and a different clinicopathologic significance of HPV 18.